• Off the shelf, plug-and-play
• For professional applications: commercial grade, metal case (not sealed)
• Distributed (a cell board is mounted on each cell: measures voltage and temperature, balances the cell)
• Minimum number of wires in HV pack, single wire to adjacent cell boards
• For large packs: up to 256 cells (~ 900 V), in up to 16 banks
• Supports all cell form factors, and most Lithium chemistries
• Protects cells from over current, under/over voltage, under/over temperature
• Dissipative (passive) balancing (top balance)
• Sophisticated, digital technology: reports each cell's voltage and temperature
• CAN and RS232 communications
• Fully configurable, field programmable
• Cable mount Hall Effect current sensor
• Contactor drivers with precharge
• Pack isolation loss detection (optional)
• Compatible with most chargers, motor drivers

Ideally matched to work in high power Li-Ion battery packs

• Up to 255 cells in series (~840 V), no limit to cells in parallel, isolated
• No limit to cells in parallel, up to 600 A (higher currents available)
• Includes a contactor drivers, a cooling fan interface and an interlock input

Distributed: electronic assemblies are mounted on cells

• Mechanically matched with cylindrical, pouch or prismatic cells
• Minimal wiring (no "spaghetti"); individual cell voltage and temperature
• Controller communicates with Cell Boards on cells, and with external system

Ideally matched to Li-Ion cells

• Lithium-ion Polymer(LiPo)
• Standard lithium-cobalt-oxide (LiCoO2)
• Lithium-Manganese-Nickel-Cobalt (LiMnNiCo)
• Nano-phosphate / lithium-iron-phosphate / lithium-ferro-phosphate (LiFePO4)
• Lithium-manganese-oxide (LiMnO2)
• (Not compatible with lithium-titanate cells)

Ideally matched to plug-in vehicles

• Compatible with most chargers, motor drivers
• CAN bus, ignition line input, 12V power

Performs monitoring, evaluation, communication, balancing and protection

• Monitors the voltage and temperature of each set of parallel cells, and the pack current
• Evaluates SOC (State Of Charge), DOD (Depth Of Discharge), and SOH (State Of Health)
• Calculates the pack's internal resistance
• Determines appropriate CCL (Charge Current Limit) and DCL (Discharge Current Limit)
• Detects any abnormal conditions and sets a fault accordingly
• Communicates through a serial port and through a CAN bus, reporting above data
• Balances the charge through dissipation of excessive energy in most charged cells
• Protects against over and under-voltage, over and under-temperature, over-current
• Optional HV Front End tests for loss of isolation and end of precharge current (using a precharge resistor, not supplied)

Mobile:

• Automotive: EV, HEV, PHEV
• "Mules" and proof-of-concept products
• Specialty vehicles
• Marine
• Aviation: EV
• V2G and V2H

Land based:

• Distributed energy
• Peak shaving
• Power back-up: UPS

The minimum system consists of:

• One master controller
• A number of cell boards equal to the number of cells in series

A system may also include:

• One or more current sensors to sense load and source (charger) current
• A High Voltage Front End (HVFE) to sense pack voltage and current, and to detect loss of isolation
• A State Of Charge display
• Balance Boosters™ to increase the level of balancing current, one per cell board

These are simplified specifications that may apply to a typical system.
Actual specifications depend on which components are used in a system.
Detailed specifications are in the manual